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critical circumstances

  • 1 praeceps

        praeceps cipitis, abl. cipitī, adj.    [prae+ caput], headforemost, headlong: praecipitem (me) in pistrinum dabit, T.: ut Sopatrum praecipitem deiciant: praeceps ad terram datus, dashed to the ground, L.: Desilit, O.: se praecipitem tecto dedit, leaped headlong from the roof, H.—As subst n.: in praeceps deferri, headlong, L.— Headforemost, headlong, in haste, suddenly: ab inimicis circumventus praeceps agor, S.: ab equo praeceps decidit, O.: (apes) praecipites Cadunt, V.: praecipites fugae sese mandabant, Cs.— Downhill, steep, precipitous, abrupt, perpendicular: in declivi ac praecipiti loco, Cs.: saxa, L.: fossae, V.: iter, O.; cf. iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum.—As subst n., a steep place, precipice: turrim in praecipiti stantem, V.: immane, Iu.— Sinking, declining, falling: sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum, V.: in occasum sol, L.: senectus, Cu.— Swift, rapid, rushing, violent: Anio, H.: Boreas, O.: nox, fleeting, O.: remedium, Cu.—Fig., headlong, hasty, rash, precipitate: agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium, pursue fiercely: praecipitem amicum ferri sinere, rush into the abyss: Agricola in ipsam gloriam praeceps agebatur, i. e. was hurried to ruinous heights of glory, Ta.— Rash, hasty, inconsiderate: quis potest esse tam praeceps?: cupiditas dominandi.— Inclined, prone, hasty: naturā ad explendam cupidinem, S.: praeceps ingenio in iram, L. — Dangerous, critical: in tam praecipiti tempore, O.—As subst n., great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances: se et prope rem p. in praeceps dederat, exposed to extreme danger, L.: levare Aegrum ex praecipiti, H.: Omne in praecipiti vitium stetit, i. e. at its extreme, Iu.
    * * *
    (gen.), praecipitis ADJ
    head first, headlong; steep, precipitous

    Latin-English dictionary > praeceps

  • 2 praeceps

    praeceps, cĭpĭtis (old form praecĭ-pes, cĭpis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 8; id. et Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 391 Vahl.; abl. praecipiti), adj. [prae-caput].
    I.
    Lit., headforemost, headlong (class.):

    praecipitem trahi,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 79:

    aliquem praecipitem deicere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:

    praeceps ad terram datus,

    dashed to the ground, Liv. 31, 37:

    praeceps curru ab alto Desilit,

    Ov. M. 12, 128:

    hic se praecipitem tecto dedit,

    threw himself headlong from the roof, Hor. S. 1, 2, 41:

    aliquem in praeceps jacere,

    headlong, Tac. A. 4, 22; so,

    jacto in praeceps corpore,

    id. ib. 6, 49; cf.:

    in praeceps deferri,

    Liv. 5, 47.—For in praeceps, in late Lat., per praeceps occurs:

    abiit grex per praeceps in mare,

    Vulg. Matt. 8, 32; id. Judic. 5, 22.—Hence, of one going rapidly, headforemost, headlong:

    de ponte Ire praecipitem in lutum per caputque pedesque,

    Cat. 17, 9:

    se jacere praecipitem e vertice,

    id. 63, 244; Verg. A. 5, 860:

    ab equo praeceps decidit,

    Ov. Ib. 259:

    (apes) praecipites Cadunt,

    Verg. G. 4, 80:

    aliquem praecipitem agere,

    to drive headlong, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60; Verg. A. 5, 456:

    praecipites se fugae mandabant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

    Monoeten In mare praecipitem deturbat,

    Verg. A. 5, 175; cf.:

    praeceps amensque cucurri,

    Ov. M. 7, 844:

    praeceps Fertur,

    is borne headlong, rushes, Hor. S. 1, 4, 30:

    nuntii,

    Tac. H. 2, 6.—
    B.
    Transf., of inanim. things.
    1.
    Of localities, qs. that descend suddenly in front, i. e. downhill, steep, precipitous:

    in declivi ac praecipiti loco,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

    via (opp. plana),

    Cic. Fl. 42, 105:

    saxa,

    Liv. 38, 23:

    fossae,

    Ov. M. 1, 97; Verg. A. 11, 888:

    iter,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 74; cf.

    trop.: iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

    loci,

    Col. 1, 2:

    mons,

    Plin. Pan. 16.—
    b.
    Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n., a steep place, a precipice:

    turrim in praecipiti stantem,

    Verg. A. 2, 460:

    specus vasto in praeceps hiatu,

    Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:

    in praeceps pervenitur,

    Vell. 2, 3, 4:

    immane,

    Juv. 10, 107:

    altissimum,

    App. M. 4, p. 144 med. —In plur.:

    in praecipitia cursus iste deducit,

    Sen. Ep. 8, 4.—
    2.
    Sinking, declining:

    (in vitibus) praecipites palmites dicuntur, qui de hornotinis virgis enati in duro alligantur,

    Col. 5, 6, 33:

    sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum,

    Verg. G. 3, 359:

    jam praeceps in occasum sol erat,

    Liv. 10, 42:

    dies,

    id. 4, 9; cf.:

    senectus,

    Curt. 6, 5, 3. —
    3.
    In gen., swift, rapid, rushing, violent ( poet.;

    syn.: celer, velox): praeceps Anio,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 13:

    Boreas,

    Ov. M. 2, 185:

    nox,

    fleeting, transient, id. ib. 9, 485:

    procella,

    Stat. Th. 5, 419:

    oceani fragor,

    Val. Fl. 3, 404:

    letum,

    Sen. Hippol. 262:

    remedium,

    Curt. 3, 6, 2.—
    II.
    Trop., headlong, hasty, rash, precipitate.
    A.
    In gen. (class.):

    noster erus, qui scelestus sacerdotem anum praecipes Reppulit,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 10:

    sol jam praecipitans me quoque haec praecipitem paene evolvere coëgit,

    almost headlong, precipitately, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:

    agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium Romanorum,

    chase, pursue, id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:

    praecipitem amicum ferri sinere,

    to rush into the abyss, id. Lael. 24, 89:

    quoniam ab inimicis praeceps agor,

    am pursued, Sall. C. 31, 9:

    praeceps celeritas dicendi,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 48: profectio, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 6: occumbunt multi letum... praecipe cursu, in rapid destruction, Enn. l. l.—With gen.:

    SI NON FATORVM PRAECEPS HIC MORTIS OBISSET,

    sudden as regards fate, Inscr. Grut. 695, 9, emended by Minervini in Bullet. Arch. Napol. III. 1845, p. 41 (but Minervini's assumption of a new adj., praeceps, from praecipio, anticipating fale, is unnecessary).—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Rash, hasty, inconsiderate:

    homo in omnibus consiliis praeceps,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 13, 37: praeceps et effrenata mens, id. Cael. 15, 35:

    praeceps consilium et immaturum,

    Suet. Aug. 8:

    cogitatio,

    id. Calig. 48:

    audacia,

    Val. Max. 1, 6, 7.—
    2.
    Inclined to any thing:

    praeceps in avaritiam et crudelitatem animus,

    Liv. 26, 38:

    praeceps ingenio in iram,

    id. 23, 7:

    animus ad flagitia praeceps,

    Tac. A. 16, 21.—
    3.
    Dangerous, hazardous, critical:

    in tam praecipiti tempore,

    Ov. F. 2, 400.—Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n.
    (α).
    Great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances:

    se et prope rem publicam in praeceps dederat,

    brought into extreme danger, Liv. 27, 27:

    levare Aegrum ex praecipiti,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 292:

    aeger est in praecipiti,

    Cels. 2, 6.—
    (β).
    The highest part, summit, sublimity (postAug.):

    omne in praecipiti vitium stetit,

    at its point of culmination, Juv. 1, 149:

    debet orator erigi, attolli, efferri, ac saepe accedere ad praeceps,

    to verge on the sublime, Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 2.—Hence, adv.: prae-ceps, headlong.
    1.
    Lit.:

    aliquem praeceps trahere,

    Tac. A. 4, 62:

    ex his fulgoribus quaedam praeceps eunt, similia prosilientibus stellis,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, 15, 2:

    moles convulsa dum ruit intus immensam vim mortalium praeceps trahit atque operit,

    Tac. A. 4, 62:

    toto praeceps se corpore ad undas Misit,

    Verg. A. 4, 253.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    eversio rei familiaris dignitatem ac famam praeceps dabat,

    brought into danger, Tac. A. 6, 17:

    praeceps in exsilium acti,

    suddenly, hastily, Amm. 29, 1, 21.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praeceps

  • 3 ver

    vēr, vēris (abl. veri, Col. 10, 129), n. [Gr. ear, êr, i. e. Wêr], the spring.
    I.
    Lit., Varr. L. L. 6, § 9 Müll.; id. R. R. 1, 28, 1; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 2; Lucr. 5, 737; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 27; id. Lael. 19, 70:

    vere novo,

    Verg. G. 1, 43; Hor. C. 1, 4, 1; 4, 7, 9; 4, 12, 1:

    primo vere,

    at the beginning of spring, Cato, R. R. 50; Hor. C. 3, 7, 2.—Prov.:

    vere prius flores, aestu numerabis aristas,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 57.—
    II.
    Transf., the productions of spring:

    cum breve Cecropiae ver populantur apes,

    Mart. 9, 14, 2.—So esp. freq., ver sacrum, a special offering presented from the firstlings of spring, which it was customary to vow in critical circumstances:

    ver sacrum vovendi mos fuit Italis. Magnis enim periculis adducti vovebant, quaecumque proximo vere nata essent apud se animalia immolaturos, etc.,

    Fest. p. 379 Müll.; cf. id. s. v. Mamertini, p. 158; id. s. v Sacrani, p. 321; Sisenn. ap. Non. 522, 17:

    ver sacrum vovendum, si bellatum prospere esset, etc.,

    Liv. 22, 9, 10; cf.

    the votive formula,

    id. 22, 10, 2; so id. 33, 44, 1; 34, 44, 1 sqq. Weissenb. ad loc.; Just. 24, 4, 1.—
    II.
    Trop., the spring-time of life, youth ( poet.):

    jucundum cum aetas florida ver ageret,

    Cat. 68, 16; Ov. M. 10, 85.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ver

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